The University of South Dakota

Abernathy, Ralph

Abdnor, James

Abortion

Abourezk, James

Acculturation

Adaptation

Adoption (also: Orphans): into tribe, of child, of friend, of Indian child by non-Indians, to replace dead relative

Afterlife

Agents, Indian (also: Superintendents)

Aggression, aggressiveness

Agnew, Spiro

Agriculture (also: Communal Projects, Cooperative Projects): //before 1900, 1930-1945, since 1945, harvesting, irrigation, problems

Airplanes

Alcatraz, occupation of

Alcohol, making

Alcohol on reservation

Alcohol rehabilitation programs

Alcohol, use and abuse

Allen, Felix

Allison Commission

American Indian Culture Research Center

American Indian Leadership Council

American Indian Research Center

American Indian Services, Sioux Falls, South Dakota

American Indians United, media workshop, convention

American Legion

American Indian Movement, involvement in Wounded Knee occupation

Animals (also: Dogs, Horses, Legends and Stories, animal; Spirits, Totem Animals): aid in weather prediction, as messengers, as pets and livestock, beliefs and superstitions, wildlife

Anthropologists

Antoine, Lawrence

Apathy

Archaeology

Archambeau, Percy

Area Redevelopment Administration (ARA)

Armed Services (also U.S. Army, relations with Indians, Veterans, Wars): scouts, service, World War I, service, World War II, service, other

Arrow, Inc.

Art

Artifacts

Arts and Crafts (also: Basketmaking, Bead making, beadwork, Parfleche work, Weaving)

Augustana College, dormitory occupation,

Assimilation

Association of American Indian Affairs

Attitude tests

Attitudes: Indian toward non-Indian, non-Indian toward Indian

Authors (see individual authors)

Automobiles

Bad Boy

Bad Heart Bull, Wesley (also: Custer County Courthouse incident)

Ball Club, Minnesota

Bands (see: Clans)

Banks, banking (also: Credit)

Banks, Dennis

Barnett, Don

Basketmaking

Battles (see: Wars)

Beadmaking

Beadwork

Bear Shield, Ike

Beaulieu, family

Beliefs, superstitions (also: Animals, beliefs and superstitions)

Bellecourt, Clyde

Bena, Minnesota

Benedictines

Bennett, Robert

Berry, E. Y.

Berry, Tom

Berrying

Big Horn

Big Snake

Birchbark: canoes, containers, gathering, money, preserving food in, wigwams, wrapping corpses in

Bird calls

Birds (also: Eagles): as messengers,  varieties

Birth Control

Birtle, Manitoba

Bishop Hare Industrial School and Home

Bissonette, Pedro

Black Coyote

Black Hills (also: Claims, Black Hills)

Black Hills Sioux Nation Council

Blacksmiths

Blood (see: Degree of Indian Blood, Full- bloods, Mixed-bloods).

Blue Cloud Abbey

Boating

Books, historical

Bordeaux, Adam

Bow and Arrow (see: Weapons)

Brando, Marlon

Brightman, Lehman

Brotherhood of Christian Unity, annual meeting

Bruce, Louis

Bryde, John

Buffalo: buffalo jumps, butchering, habits, herds, hunting of, importance of, utilization of

Buffalo Bill (see: Cody, William)

Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), (also: Agents, Indian; Superintendents, BIA): assistance from, bureaucratic problems, discrimination against Indians, employees, employment, failure to help Indians, location of offices, proposals for reorganization, relations with tribes

Bureau of Indian Affairs building, occupation of

Burials, burial customs: Canadian Sioux, Chippewa, Cheyenne, Crow, Nez Perce, Ottawa, Sac and Fox, Sioux, Winnebago

Burke, Charles H.

Burnette, Robert

Business opportunities on reservations

Businesses on reservations (also: Rehabi-litation Act)

Businesses, tribal-owned, off-reservation

Campaigns, military (see: Wars)

Campaigns, political (also: Kennedy, Robert; McCarthy, Eugene; Elections): for tribal office

Campbell, George

Cannibalism (also: Windigo)

Canadian government, relations with

Canadian Sioux

Canoes

Capital punishment

Carlisle Indian School

Case, Francis H.

Cash, Joseph H.

Cass Lake, Minnesota

Cattle companies

Cattle Cooperatives (see: Cooperative Enterprises)

Cattle programs (also: Rehabilitation Act, 1934): replacement, repayment cattle

Cattle operations, ranching

Celebrations (also: pow-wows): Fourteenth of June, Fourth of July, traditional, other

Census

Charlo, Victor

Cherry Creek, South Dakota

Chewing gun

Ceremonies:  Canadian Sioux, Cheyenne, Chippewa—giveaway, Grand Medicine (also: Religion, Grand Medicine), Crow—give-away, sun dance, vision quests, tobacco planting, other, Native American Church (also: Religion, Native American Church): Navajo, Omaha, Osage, Ottawa, Pawnee, Ponca, Sioux—eagle,  flag, give-away, spider, sun dance, vision quests, sweat lodge (inipi), yuwipi, Spokane, Stony, Ute, Winnebago

Charger, Martin (see: Fool Soldiers)

Charity

Cheyenne River Agency Boarding School

Chief Eagle, Dallas

Chiefs (see individual chiefs): Canadian Sioux, Cheyenne, Chippewa, Flathead, Sac and Fox, Sioux, Spokane

Chieftainship systems

Childbirth (also: Midwives, Pregnancy)

Children (see: Adoption, Foster Home Program): anecdotes concerning, as messenger for spirit, care of, custody and support of, naming of, neglect of, pastimes, personal data, rearing, rearing customs

Chilocco Indian School

Churches (see: Denominations on Reservations; Denominations, reservation assignment and monopoly; Missions; Religion).

Circle, symbolism of

Civil rights (also: Civil Rights Act)

Civil Rights Act

Civilian Conservation Corps

Claims: Black Hills claim, other claims, Indian Claims Commission, U.S. Court of Claims, settlements and payments

Clans (also: Kinship): Chippewa, Comanche, Crow, Omaha, Papago, Potawatomi, Sac and Fox, Sioux, Spokane

Claymore, Basil

Clothing (also: Costumes and Adornment)

Clowns (Heyokas)

Clubs (also: Societies)

Coalition of American Indian Citizens

Cody, William

Cohen, Felix

College education: attendance, community colleges on reservations, family encouragement, funding of, need for, opportunities for, problems, programs, courses (also: Upward Bound)

Colllier, John

Colonialism

Colors

Commissioner of Indian Affairs (see individual commissioners).

Communal projects

Communication: method of, problems of

Communism

Community Action Project (also: Indian Community Action Project)

Community development

Communities (see individual communities)

Commodities (see: Food)

Community gatherings

Comprehensive Employment Training Act (CETA)

Condon, “Irish Tommy”

Conference of Division of Indian Health

Conferences, conventions (see: American Indians United, Brotherhood of Christian Unity, Conference of Division of Indian Health, National Congress of American Indians, National Tribal Chairmen’s Association, Winnebago All-Indian Conference).

Conservation

Constitution, tribal (see: Tribal Constitution)

Constitution, United States

Contests, pageants

Conversation

Cooperation

Cooperative enterprises

Corps of Engineers

Correctional facilities

Cottonwood

Costumes and adornment (also: Clothing, Painting of Faces, Hairstyles): dancing costumes

Council on Indian Opportunity

Counseling

Courage

Courts (also: White Hawk, Thomas case, Jurisdictional Problems, Indian Jurisdiction Bill and Referendum): federal courts, state courts, tribal courts

Courtship: inter-racial, traditional

Cowboys

Crazy Horse

Credit (also: Revolving Credit Fund, Tribal Credit Board, Yankton Sioux Credit Association)

Crime: and alcohol use

Crow Dog (also: Spotted Tail)

Culture: changes in, comparisons of cultures, loss of, need to retain, patterns, retention of, revival of

Current events

Custer County Courthouse incident

Custer Expedition

Custer, George A. (also: Wars, 1875-8)

Dams: Big Bend, Fort Randall, Oahe, Yellowtail-Big Horn Canyon, other

Dance halls, roundhouses

Dances, dancing: Chippewa, Crow, Omaha, Potawatomi, Sioux, Spokane, Stony

Dating (see: Courtship)

Davis, Angela

Dawes General Allotment Act (see: Land Allotment)

Dawson, Albert

Days of the week

Deaths

Degree of Indian blood: as requirement for tribal enrollment, tribal office, tribal benefits, as requirement to sell land

Deloria, Ella

Deloria, Phillip

Deloria, Vine, Jr.

Deloria, Vine, Sr.: sermons of

Denominations on reservation (also: Denominations, Reservation Assignment and Monopoly; Missionaries and Ministers; Missions; Religion): Anglican, Assembly of God,  Baptist, Catholic,  Congregational, Dutch Reformed, Episcopal, Evangelical,  Lutheran,  Mennonite, Methodist, Mormon, Pentecostal, Presbyterian, Quakers, Reformed, Seventh Day Adventists, Shakers, Wesleyan

Denominations, reservation assignment and monopoly (also: Denominations on Reservations)

Depression, 1930s (see: Living Conditions, 1930s; Civilian Conservation Corps, New Deal, Public Works Administration, Works Progress Administration)

DeSmet, Father Pierre

Diabetes (see: Disease)

Diet (see: Food)

Directions, significance of

Discrimination (also: Prejudice, Relations): Indians against Indians, Indians against non-Indians, non-Indians against Indians

Disease (see: Epidemics): diabetes, smallpox, trachoma, tuberculosis, other

Divorce

Documents

Dogs: as ceremonial food, as food, as pet, as hunter,  used for transportation

Dorian, Pierre

Dreams: description of, importance of, interpretations, meanings of

Drugs

Drum societies (see: Societies)

Drummer, drumming

Drums: construction of, description of, ownership, significance of, use of

Ducheneaux, Frank

Duke, Doris

Eagles: trapping, use of feathers

Eastman, Charles

Eastman, John

Ecology

Economic development: needed on reservation, tribal

Economics, national

Economic prosperity

Education (also: College Education, Head Start, Johnson-O’Malley Funds, Scholarships, Schools, School Boards, Upward Bound, Vocational-Technical Education, and individual schools): adult education, family attitude toward, need for, of mentally retarded, opportunities for, problems—absenteeism and drop-outs, problems—other, programs

Eisenman, Father Sylvester (also: Eisenman, Leonard; Marty Mission)

Eisenman, Leonard (also: Eisenman, Father Sylvester, Marty Mission)

Eisenhower, Dwight D.

Eksha, Alberta, description of

Elections (also: Campaigns, Political): local, national, tribal

Emergency Relief Appropriations Act (see: New Deal—direct relief)

Employment (also: Unemployment): jobs held, need for, off-reservation, on-reservation, opportunities, problems, programs

Epidemics (also: Disease): influenza, smallpox, other

Etiquette

Exploitation

Extension Service

Fairbanks family

Factionalism (see: Tribal Factionalism)

Fairs

Family (also: Children Courtship, Family Backgrounds, Kinship, Marriage, Relations—family)

Family backgrounds

Farming (See: Agriculture)

Farmers Home Administration

Farrar, Frank

Fasting

Fear of change

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

Federal Dam, Minnesota, description of

Federal dam projects (see: Dams)

Federal government (also: Bureau of Indian Affairs): assistance from, dependence on, policies, programs, relations with

Federation of Saskatchewan Indians

Fire, John

Fires: forest, prairie, making fires, structural

Fish, fishing (also: Game Wardens)

Flags

Flandreau, Charles

Flandreau Indian School

Floods

Flour mills

Food: commodities and rations, diet, gathering, hunting and fishing, preferences, preparation of, preservation of, raising,

Fool Soldiers

Ford Foundation

Foreman, Clarence

Forestry Act,, 1918

Forts: Bennet, George, Randall (also: Fool Soldiers), Sisseton, Spokane, Totten

Fort Totten Boarding School

Fortifications

Foster home program

Four Winds, Inc.

Fraser, Willard

Frazier, John

Frazier, Lynn

Friendship, friendliness

Full-bloods (also: Mixed-bloods—compared to full-bloods; degree of Indian Blood; Relations—full-blood, mixed blood)

Funding sources

Funerals and wakes (also: Burials, Burial Customs; Mourning Customs): Chipppewa, Sioux

Fur trade

Furniture, furnishing—household

Gall

Game wardens

Games (also: children—pastimes): moccasin, other

Gamble, Robert J.

Gambling

Generosity

Geographical locations: /beliefs about—Minnesota, Nebraska, South Dakota, description of—Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, South Dakota,  discovery of—Minnesota

Genoa Indian School

Geology

Geronimo

Ghost Dance (also: Wars—Wounded Knee, 1890)

Ghosts

Giants

Gillihan, James

Ginseng

Give-away (see: Ceremonies)

Gourd, sacred

Government (see: Canadian, Federal, IRA—self, State, Tribal)

Grant, U. S.

Gratuities

Graves, Peter

Greenwood, South Dakota, description of

Guides, Indian

Hairstyles

Half-breeds (see: Mixed-bloods)

Hampton Institute

Handicaps

Handsome Elk

Harding, Warren G.

Hare, Bishop William

Haskell Indian School

Head Start

Heirship lands (see: Land)

Heyokas (see: Clowns)

Hiawatha

Hides

Higher education (see: College Education, Vocational-Technical Education)

Hippies

Historic markers

Historical pageants, motorcades

History, Indian (also: History—Oral Tradition; Indian Origins and Migrations; Reservations—History of): Cherokee, Chippewa, Maya, Sioux,  Spokane, Inter-tribal

History, Oral Tradition

Hoboes

Hoffman, Dustin

Hole-in-the-Day

Holy Rosary Mission School

Homestead Act

Homesteading

Honesty

Hoop, as symbol

Hoover, Herbert H.

Hope School

Horses: acquisition of, as food, loss of, racing, raising and trading, riding and driving,  stealing,  value of

Hospitality

Hostility

House, Floyd

Housekeeping

Housing, reservation: Canadian Sioux, Chippewa, Flathead, Kalispel, Pueblo, Sioux, inter-tribal

Housing, traditional: Canadian Sioux, Chippewa, Crow, Omaha, Sac and Fox, Sioux

Housing, urban

Howe, Oscar

Hudson Bay Company

Human Relations Committee, Sioux Falls, South Dakota

Human Rights Commission

Humor

Humphrey, Hubert

Hunger

Hunting (also: Buffalo—jumps, hunting of; Game Wardens): Chippewa, Flathead, Omaha, Sioux, Spokane

Hygiene

Identity, Indian: acceptance and retention of, development of

Idleness

Iktomi, the prankster (also: Legends—Iktomi)

Illegitimacy

Illness (also: Diseases, Epidemics)

Immaculate Conception Mission School (see: Stephan Mission)

Immorality

Imprisonment (also: Fool Soldiers; Wars—1862 Uprising)

Income (also: Tribal Income)

Incpadutah

India

Indian Action Program

Indian agencies: Cheyenne River, Dixon, Lower Brule, Red Cloud, Red Lake, Santee, Spotted Tail, Upper Sioux, White Earth, Winnebago, Yankton

Indian Centers: Pacific Northwest Indian Center, Spokane, Washington, Sioux City Indian Center, Iowa, other

Indian Community Action Project (also: Community Action Project)

Indian Jurisdiction Bill, 1963; Referendum, 1964 (also: Jurisdictional Problems)

Indian organizations (see also specific organizations)

Indian origins and migrations (also: Canadian Sioux): Canadian Sioux, Chippewa, Crow, Gros Ventre, Sioux

“Indian Power” statement

Indian Reorganization Act, 1934 (also: Tribal Charter): acceptance of, and churches, benefits of, Bureau of Indian Affairs support of, campaigns and meetings, communal aspects of, failures of, living conditions under, objections, opposition to, origins of, provisions of, rejection of, self-government under

Indian Rights Association

“Indiantime”

Indian Unity Movement

Industries, reservation: need for

Inferiority, feelings of

Inipi (see: Ceremonies, Religion)

Initiative

Insects and control of

Institute of American Indian Art

Institute of Indian Studies, University of South Dakota

Insurance

Integration

Intelligence

Inter-tribal Council

Interpreters

Iowa Human Rights Commission

Isaac Walton League

Isburg, William

Jackson, Andrew

Jackson, Helen Hunt

James, Jesse

Janklow, William

Jealousy

Jennison, Guy Sr.

Jesuits

Job Corps.

Jobs (see: Employment)

John Birch Society

Johnson-O’Malley, funds and use of

Jones, Gordon

Jurisdictional problems (also: Indian Jurisdiction Bill, Referendum)

Justice

Juvenile delinquency

Kenel Boarding School

Kennedy, Edward

Kennedy, Jacqueline

Kennedy, John F.

Kennedy, Robert

Kills-in-Sight, Noah

Kinnikinnik: gathering, making, smoking of

Kinship (also: Clans): customs

Kneip, Richard

Knutson, Harold

Land (also: Tribal Land Enterprise): allotments, cessions, Heirship (fractionated), lease of, loss of

Lane, Mark

Language, English

Languages, Indian: Canadian Sioux, Cheyenne, Chippewa, Comanche, Crow, Hidatsa, Navajo, Omaha, Ottawa, Ponca,  Salish, Sioux, Tonkawa, Winnebago, Inter-tribal.

Languages, tapes in Indian: Cheyenne, Chippewa, Coeur d’Alene, Sioux

LaPointe, Sam

LaRoche, Richard.

Law and order (also: Courts, Crime, Juvenile Delinquency)

Lawsuits

Le Beau, South Dakota, description of

Le Moreau, Clark and Howard

Leadership: development of, need for

League of Women voters

Legal services

Legal system

Legends, stories: animal, bird and insect, coyote, coyote and spider, creation, Hiawatha, Iktomi, naming of locations, origin, persons, religious, Winabozho (Nanabozho, Wainabozho), other

Lewis and Clark Expedition

Lewis, Meriwether

Lifestyle, contemporary

Lifestyle, traditional: description of,

Lightning

Lincoln, Abraham

Liquor (see: Alcohol, use and abuse; Alcohol on Reservation; Alcohol Rehabilitation Programs)

Literature, contemporary

Little Crow (also: Wars—1862 Uprising)

“Little Oklahoma”

Living conditions, reservation (also: Housing): Canadian Sioux, Chippewa, Crow, Flathead, Mesquakie, Sioux, Winnebago, during Depression, 1930s—015S,

Logging

Love (also: Medicine—conferring powers)

Lumbering (see: Logging)

Lynch, John

MacArthur, Douglas

McCarthy, Eugene

McGovern, George

McLaughlin, James F.

McKenzie, Dode

McKinley, William

McNickle, D’Arcy

Mackey, John

Mail routes (also: Pony Express)

Manitoba Indian Brotherhood

Marriage (also: Relations—marital; Taboos-marriage): customs, inter-racial, inter-tribal, modern, plural, traditional

Marty Mission (St. Paul’s Indian Mission) (also: Eisenman, Father Sylvester; Eisenman, Leonard; Oblate Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament; Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament)

Mass media: courses, projects, treatment of issues and events

Materialism

Means, Russell

Medical services; Public Health Service

Medicine (also: Snakeroot): Chippewa, Comanche, Crow, Sioux, Spokane

Medicine boards

Medicine bundles

Medicine—conferring powers (also: Medicine Bundles)

Medicine men—medicine women: Canadian Sioux, Chippewa, Comanche, Crow, Navajo, Ponca, Sac and Fox, Sioux, Spokane, Winnebago

Menstruation

Mental health (also: Education of Mentally Retarded)

Mental Illness

Meriam Survey

Mermaids

Migration (see: Indian Origins and Migrations)

Militancy (see: Protest Movements and Militancy)

Minerals: discovery of, rights, resources

Mining

Minnehaha County Courthouse Incident

Minnesota Commission of Human Rights

Minorities, non-Indian: compared to Indians

Missionaries, ministers (also: Benedictines, Jesuits, Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament, Oblate Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament, individual missionaries): Indian, non-Indian

Missions (also: Denominations on Reservations; Missionaries, Ministers; individual missions): Catholic, Episcopal, Relations—full-blood-mixed-blood), compared to full-bloods

Moccasins

Modesty

Mondale, Walter

Money (also: Birchbark—used as money):  management of

Morrison, James

Morrison, John G. Jr.

Morton, Rodgers

Moses, General Lloyd

Motah, Lee

Motion pictures: acting in, “A Man Called Horse,” “Little Big Man,” others

Mounds, earth

Mount Rushmore, occupation of

Mourning Customs

Museums

Mundt, Karl

Music, songs: Arikara, Assiniboine, Canadian Sioux, Cheyenne, Chippewa, Coeur d’Alene, Crow, Kalispel, Omaha, Ottawa, Sac and Fox, Sioux,  Stony, Winnebago, inter-tribal

Musical instruments (also: Drums)

Names, naming (also: Legends, Naming of Locations):  locations, clans,  months, persons, tribes

Narcelle, Narcisse

Narcotics (see: Drugs)

Nash, Philleo

National Congress of American Indians: general sessions—1968

National Humanities Faculty Program

National Park Service

National Tribal Chairman’s Association; conference—1971

Native American Church (see: Religion)

Natural phenomenon

Nature, respect for

Naytahwaush, Minnesota, description of

Neighborhood Youth Corps

Nelson, “Pretty Boy” Floyd

Nepotism

New Deal (also: Cattle Programs, Civilian Conservation Corps—Indian Department, Communal Programs, Indian Reorganiza tion Act, Public Works Administration, Rehabilitation Act, Works Progress Ad ministration): direct relief, work relief

Newspapers: Catholic Sioux Herald,  Tomahawk,  Warpath, others

Nichols, Fred

Nichols, Eva

Niobrara, Nebraska, description of

Nixon, Richard

Non-Indians (also: Attitudes, Relations—Indians and Non-Indians): influx of and settlement by

Norbeck, Peter

Northwestern Fur Company

Numbers

Oahe Mission School

Oblate Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament (Indian Oblate Sisters)

Off-reservation Indians (also: Urban Indians): benefits, loss of rights,  population, problems

Offerings, sacrifices

Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO) (also: Job Corps, ICAP, CAP)

Office of Native American People

Oglala Sioux Civil Rights Organization

Oklahoma Indian Welfare Act

Oklahoma Native American Program

Old Age: benefits and services, problems of

Omaha Minor Children Fund

Oral history research

Oratory

Orchestras

Orphans

Paint

Painting of faces

Pan-Indian Movement

Parfleche containers

Parker, Quanah

Parks (also: National Park Service)

Parmalee, South Dakota, description of

Patriotism

Peace Corps: on reservation

Peace pipes, sacred peace pipes

Peddlers

Perfume

Personal backgrounds: Canadian Sioux, Cheyenne, Chippewa, Crow, Eskimo, Flathead, Kalispel, Navajo, Ponca, Pueblo, Sac and Fox, Sioux, Spokane, Winnebago

Peyote (also: Relation, Native American Church): effects of, legality of, use of

Phelps, Jane

Philosophy

Photographs, description of: contemporary, ; historical

Picotte, Charles

Pictographs

Pierre Indian School

Pine Ridge Agency Boarding School

Pipestone

Pipestone Indian Training School

Pipestone quarry, Minnesota (also: Claims)

Pipestone National Monument

Plenty Coup

Poetry

Police (see: Law and Order).

Political affiliations

Political districts

Politicians

Politics (also: Elections, Campaigns—Political, Tribal Politics, Voting)

Pond family

Ponsford, Minnesota, description of

Pony Express (also: Mail Routes)

Poor People’s Campaign

Portents of danger (also: Animals as Messengers, Birds as Messenger)

Pottery, dishes,

Poverty

Powers (also: Ceremonies, Vision Quests): obtaining, using

Pow-wows (also: Music, Songs; Dances, Dancing): Canadian Sioux, Chippewa, Flathead, Kalispel, Omaha, Ottawa, Ponca, Sioux, Spokane, Winnebago

Prairie Island, Minnesota, decline of

Pratt, R. H.

Pregnancy (also: Childbirth)

Prejudice (also: Discrimination): Indians against Indians, Indians against non-Indians, non-Indians against Indians

Premonitions, prophecies

Price, Hiram

Pride

Progress

Prostitution

Protest, acts of (also: Alcatraz—reclaiming of:; Augustana College, dormitory occupation; Bureau of Indian Affairs building, occupation of, Custer County Courthouse incident; Minnehaha County Courthouse incident; Mount Rushmore, occupation of; Sheep Mountain Table, occupation of; Sioux Sanitarium Protest; Trail of Broken Treaties; Wagner Pork Plant Takeovers; Wounded Knee, occupation of)

Protest movements and militancy (also: American Indian Movement; Protest, acts of)

Provost, Cecil

Public Health Service (see: Medical Services).

Public relations

Purchasing

Public Works Administration

Rabbit’s Tail

Racial Conciliation Committee, Rapid City, South Dakota

Railroads

Rainmaking

Ranching (see: Cattle Operations)

Rapid City Indian School

Reagan, Ronald

Real Bird, Edison

Recreation (also: Social Life

Red Cloud

Red Cross: aid, work

Red Lake, Minnesota, description of

Redby, Minnesota, description of

Rehabilitation Act, 1934 (also: Communal Projects):  cattle rehabilitation program

Reifel, Ben

Relations: among Indians, between full-blooded and mixed blooded Indians, between non-Indians and Indians,  community, family, inter-tribal, marital

Religion, Christian (also: Denominations on Reservations; Denominations, Reservation Assignment and Monopoly; Missionaries, Ministers): acceptance of, conversion to, beliefs, blended with traditional, compared to traditional, practice of, participation in, problems, rejection of

Religion, Native American Church

Religion, traditional: Canadian Sioux, Cheyenne, Chippewa, Crow, Navajo, Ottawa, Sioux, Winnebago, inter-tribal

Relocation: federal programs, individual, problems

Removal: Cheyenne, Chippewa, Flathead Ottawa, Potawatomi, Sac and Fox, Sioux, Spokane, Winnebago

Reno, Marcus A.

Renville, Chief

Renville family

Research, anthropological, historical (also: Oral History Research)

Reservation Business Council

Reservations, reserves (also: Living Conditions—reservations): boundaries of, descriptions of, districts within (also: Political Districts), future of system, history (also: Removal): Cheyenne River, Crow Creek,  Flandreau, Fort Totten, Kalispel, Leech Lake, Long Plain, Lower Brule, Mille Lacs, Prior Lake, Red Lake, Rosebud, Santee, Shakopee, Spokane, Standing Buffalo, Standing Rock, Upper Sioux, Wabasha, Wahpeton, White Cap, White Earth, Yankton, other, movement from, natural resources on, population of, regulations and restrictions, residency requirements

Respect: for clergy, for elders

Responsibility

Retirement

Revenue sharing

Revolving Credit Fund

Ricing

Riggs, Alfred

Riggs, Frederick

Riggs, Stephen

Riggs, Thomas

Rising Hail Communal Project (see: Communal Projects)

Roads

Robinson, Will

Rockville, Minnesota, description of

Rodeos

Roosevelt, Franklin D.

Rosebud Agency Boarding School

Rosebud Christian social Action Group

Roubideaux, Antoine

Roubideaux, Ramon

Roundhouses (see: Dance Halls)

Rural Electrification Association (REA) on reservation

Rush mats, making

Russell, Charles

St. Andrew’s Society

St. Francis Mission School

St. John, Grover

St. Paul’s Indian Mission (see: Marty Mission)

Sacrifices (see: Offerings, sacrifices)

Salvation Army

Sanitary facilities

Santee Association

Santee, Nebraska, description of

Santee Normal Training School

Sawmills

Scalping

Scavengers, human

School boards

Schools (also: Bishop Hare Industrial School and Home; Carlisle Indian School, Cheyenne River Agency Boarding School, Chilocco Indian School, Flandreau Indian School, Genoa Indian School, Hampton Institute, Haskell Indian School, Holy Rosary Mission School, Hope School, Kenel Boarding School, Marty Mission, Oahe Mission School, Pierre Indian School, Pine Ridge Agency Boarding School, Pipestone Indian Training School, Rapid City Indian School, Rosebud Agency Boarding School, St. Francis Mission School, Santee Normal Training School, Stephen Mission, Wahpeton Indian School, Yankton Agency Boarding School): denomination, government, public, curriculum, Indian culture and history courses, local control of, teachers and staff

Scholarships (also: United Scholarship Service)

Secretary of the Interior (also: Morton, Rodgers)

Segregation (also: Self-segregation)

Self-confidence

Self-determination

Self-discipline

Self-government (see: Indian Reorganization Act)

Self-reliance

Self-respect

Self-segregation

Self-sufficiency

Sells, Cato

Seneca root (see: Snakeroot)

Sewing

Sex education

Sexuality

Shag-o-Bay (Shakopee)

Sharing (also: Generosity)

Sharp, M. Q.

Sheep Mountain Table protest

Shelters

Short Bull (also: Ghost Dance, Wars—Wounded Knee 1890)

Shriners

Shunk, Harold

Shyness

Sibley, Henry H.

Silence, value of

Singers (also: Dances, Dancing; Pow-wows)

Sioux Benefit Allotment

Sioux in Canada (see: Canadian Sioux)

Sioux Sanitarium protest

Sioux Uprising, 1862 (see: Wars)

Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament

Sitting Bull

Six Consolidated Tribes

Smallpox (see: Disease, Epidemics)

Smith, John

Snakeroot (Seneca root), gathering and selling,

Snakes

Snowshoes

Social life (also: Recreation)

Social Security benefits

Social workers

Societies, Indian: drum, fox, peace pipe, tobacco, other

Society of Jesus (see: Jesuits)

Soul-keeping

South Dakota Commission of Indian Affairs

South Dakota congressional delegation (also see individual congressmen)

South Dakota Democratic Party

South Dakota Indian Task Force

Sovereignty

Spirits

Spokane, Washington, description of

Sports (also: Games, Recreation)

Spotted Tail, includes death of

Standing Bear

Stanford Research Survey

State government

Steamboats

Stephan Mission

Stories (see: Legends)

Storytelling

Struck-by-the-Ree

Success, achievement of

Sugar, syrup making

Suicide

Sun, as messenger

Sun dances (see: Ceremonies)

Superintendents, BIA (also: Agents, Indian)

Sweat lodges (also: Ceremonies)

Taboos (also: Kinship—customs)

Tanning

Tattoos

Taxation, taxes

Tea

Teacher Corps

Teachers (see: Schools)

Technical aid, need for

Technology

Telephone

Tepeeota, Minnesota development of

Termination

Terry, Alfred H.

Thompson, Jiggs

Thorpe, Jim

Timber deeds

Timber sales

Tiospaye (see: Kinship)

Tipi rings

Tipis (see: Housing—traditional).

Tobacco: significance of, source of, use of

Tokenism

Tools and utensils

Totem (dodaim) animals

Tourism, on reservation

Toys (also: Children—pastimes)

Trading (also: Fur Trade)

Trail of Broken Treaties

Transportation (also: Automobiles, Dogs, Horses, Railroads)

Trapping

Travel, contemporary

Traversie family

Treaties with federal government: Laramie- 1868,  other, violations of

Treaty Council

Tribal Business Association

Tribal chairmen (also: National Tribal Chairmen’s Association; Tribal Chairmen- individuals

Tribal chairmen, individuals (see: Allen, Felix; Archambeau, Percy; Bear Shield, Ike; Burnette, Robert; Ducheneaux, Frank; Isburg, William; Jennison, Guy, Sr.; Jones, Gordon; LaPointe, Sam; LaRoche, Richard; Motah, Lee; Real Bird, Edison; St. John, Grover; Thompson, Jiggs; Two Hawk, Webster; Valandra, Cato;  Wilson, Richard.

Tribal charter (also: Tribal Constitutions and Amendments)

Tribal cohesiveness

Tribal constitutions and amendments (also: Degree of Indian Blood; Tribal Charter)

Tribal controls and discipline, traditional

Tribal councils (also: Inter-tribal Council, Tribal Executive Committees, Tribal Government, Village Councils): Chippewa, Crow, Flathead, Kalispel, Ottawa, Sac and Fox, Sioux, inter-tribal

Tribal courts (see: Courts)

Tribal Credit Board

Tribal executive committees

Tribal factionalism

Tribal funds

Tribal government (also: Indian Reorganization Act—self government; Inter-tribal Council; Nepotism; Tribal Chairmen; Tribal Executive Committees; Tribal Managers): Canadian Sioux, Cheyenne, Chippewa, Comanche, Crow, Kalispel, Ottawa, Papago, Ponca, Potawatomi, Pueblo, Sioux, Spokane

Tribal Land Enterprise

Tribal lands (see: Land)

Tribal manager

Tribal membership (also: Degree of Indian Blood; Tribal Rolls)

Tribal organization, traditional

Tribal politics

Tribal rolls (also: Tribal Membership)

Tribes (also: Indian Origins and Migrations; Reservations; Tribal Rolls): comparisons between, formation of, size of

Truant officers

Trust

Truman, Harry

Tuberculosis (see: Disease, Epidemic)

Twins

Two Hawk, Webster

Two Leggings

Unemployment (also: Employment—need for)

Union membership

United Fund

United Native Americans

United Scholarship Service

United Sioux Tribes

United Tribes of North Dakota

United States Army, relations with Indians

United States Government (see: Federal Government)

Unity

University education (see: College Education)

Upward Bound

Urban Indians (also: Indian Centers)

Utensils (see: Tools and Utensils)

Utes in South Dakota

Valandra, Cato

Values, traditional

Veterans (also: Armed Services): benefits

Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW)

Victor, Wilma

Village councils

Vision quests (see: Ceremonies)

Visions (also: Ceremonies—vision quests)

Vocational-technical education: institutions and programs, need for

Volunteers in Service to America (VISTA)

Voting

Wabasha, Ernest

Wabasha, Vernell

Wagner Pork Plant takeover

Wagner, South Dakota, description of

Wahpeton Indian School

Wallace, George

Warren family

Wars (also: Armed Services;  U.S. army—relations with): inter-tribal, pre1860, 1850-1862, 1862 Uprising, Civil War, 1875-78—Battle of Little Big Horn, 1890—91 (also: Ghost Dance)—Wounded Knee—1890, World War I, World War II, Korean War, Vietnam War

Water supplies, systems

Water apes

Watergate

Weapons: bows and arrows, guns

Weather: drought, snowstorms, tornados, other

Weaving

Welfare: acceptance of, misuse of, payments, programs, refusal

Weston, “Granny,”

Wheeler-Howard Act, 1934 (see: Indian Reorganization Act)

Whipper

Whipple, Charles

Whistles

White Earth, Minnesota, description of

White Earth Agency Boarding School

White, Felix Sr.

White Hawk, Thomas: case

White Swan Communal Project, 1930s, (see: Communal Projects)

Wife stealing

Wild rice (see: Ricing)

Wild West shows

Wildlife reserves, refuges

Williamson, John

Williamson, Thomas

Wilson, Richard

Wilson, Woodrow

Winabozho (Nanabozho, Manabosho) (also: Legends—Winabozho)

Windigo

Winnebago All-Indian Conference, 1970

Winnebago, Nebraska, description of

Winter counts

Woman rituals (also: Menstruation)

Women: respect for, role of

Wood, cutting, selling

Woodcock family

Work, value of (also: Employment)

Works Progress Administration

Working Indians Civil Association

Wounded Knee (see: Wars), occupation of, trials

Yankton Agency Boarding School

Yankton Sioux Credit Association

Yaqui Tribe

Yellow Tail, Bob

Yellow Thunder, Raymond

Young Men’s Christian Association

Younger, Cole

Youth (also: Courtship; Juvenile Delinquency; Neighborhood Youth Corps; Reservations—movement from): opinions of,  problems

Yucca plant

Yuwipi (see: Ceremonies)