Biology 103 Lecture
Dr. David Swanson, Office: CL 180

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EXCRETORY SYSTEM - Functions:
1) Osmoregulation =

2) Excretion of metabolic wastes

GENERAL MECHANISM



METABOLIC WASTE PRODUCTS
1. CO2 -

2. Excess Water

3. Nitrogen-containing Wastes -


REMOVAL OF NITROGEN-CONTAINING WASTES









EVOLUTION OF EXCRETORY SYSTEM (Primitive ----> Advanced conditions)
1. Marine Invertebrates (Sponges and Cnidarians) -



2. Nephridial Organs -



3. Kidney =


- Functions by a combination of 3 processes:
(1) Filtration =



(2) Reabsorption =



(3) Secretion =



STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MAMMALIAN KIDNEY
I. FILTRATION












II. CONCENTRATION
1. Renal Tubule Structure
a) Proximal Tubule =


b) Loop of Henle =


c) Distal Tubule =


- Collecting Duct =

2. Tubule Blood Supply
a) Glomerulus =




b) Peritubular Capillaries -




3. Mechanism of Concentration














EXCRETORY SPECIALIZATION IN VERTEBRATES
1) Aglomerular Kidney -




2) Loop of Henle -




3) Salt Glands -




REGULATION OF URINE VOLUME










POST-KIDNEY EXCRETORY SYSTEM
1) Ureters =



2) Urinary Bladder =



3) Urethra =



BLADDER CONTROL