If we are to understand how the Romans acquired this stubborn land and held it for so long, we must undertake a review of the pre-Roman situation in Lycia. We still do not really know the 'origins' of the Lycians, or if that is even a viable question. Moreover, what we do know comes almost exclusively through the eyes of other cultures, especially Greek and Roman. Those political, ethnic, and cultural filters may blur our view, but they are evidence in their own right for the interaction between local Lycian traditions and those nations who tried to and sometimes did conquer the land.
A.G. Keen's history provides the most recent historical analysis (for the ClassicalHellenistic period) and a comprehensive list of settlements. An important reference remains Bryce's first volume of a comprehensive treatment of Lycian history and civilization down to the conquest of Alexander the Great.
Borchhardt, J. 1993. Die Steine von Zemuri (Wien), 5 fold-out chronological charts in back.
Bryce, T. R. 1983. The Lycians, vol. 1: The Lycians in literary and epigraphic sources (Copenhagen).
Foss, C. 1996. Cities, fortresses and villages of Byzantine Asia Minor (Aldershot, G.B.), articles I-II.
Fougères, G. 1898. De Lyciorum communi (Paris).
Götter, Heroen, Herrscher in Lykien (Vienna 1990).
Keen, A.G. 1998. Dynastic Lycia (Mnemosyne suppl. 178, Leiden).
Kolb, F. and B. Kupke. 1989. Lykien. Geschichte Lykiens in Altertum (Mainz).
Sartre, M. 1995. L'Asie Mineure et l'Anatolie d'Alexandre à Dioclétien (Paris).
Troxell, H.A. 1982. The coinage of the Lycian League (New York).
Maps of provincial boundaries:
sources:
Syme, R. 1995. Anatolica. Studies in Strabo (A. Birley, ed., Oxford) 177-203.
sources:
Foss, C. 1996. Cities, fortresses and villages of Byzantine Asia Minor (Aldershot, G.B.), articles I-II.
Jones, A.H.M. 1971. The cities of the eastern Roman provinces (2nd ed., Oxford) 95-109.
Magie, D. 1950. Roman rule in Asia Minor (Princeton) 516-539.
Mitchell, S. 1993. Anatolia. Land, men and gods in Asia Minor (2 vols., Oxford).
Remy, B. 1986. L'Évolution administrative de l'Anatolie aux trois premiers siècles de notre ère (Lyon).
Remy, B. 1988. Les fastes sénatoriaux des provinces romaines d'Anatolie au haut-empire (Paris) esp.167-214.
Remy, B. 1989. Les carrières sénatoriales dans le provinces romaines d'Anatolie au haut-empire (Istanbul-Paris) 279-337.
Sartre, M. 1995. L'Asie Mineure et l'Anatolie d'Alexandre à Dioclétien (Paris).
sources:
Farrington, A. 1995. The Roman baths of Lycia (British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara Monograph no.20).
