Dott & Prothero Chapters 10-14 Test your knowledge by selecting an answer and pressing the Sumbit answer button. For matching questions select a choice from the left column and its corresponding match from the right column. |~What is the second period of the Paleozoic Era? ~Cambrian |The Cambrian is the first period of the Paleozoic Era. ~Devonian |The Devonian is the fourth period of the Paleozoic Era. ~Ordovician |*The Ordovician is the second period of the Paleozoic Era. ~Permian |The Permian is the last period of the Paleozoic Era. ~Silurian |The Silurian is the third period of the Paleozoic Era. |~What is the last period of the Paleozoic Era? ~Cambrian |The Cambrian is the first period of the Paleozoic Era. ~Devonian |The Devonian is the fourth period of the Paleozoic Era. ~Ordovician |The Ordovician is the second period of the Paleozoic Era. ~Permian |*The Permian is the last period of the Paleozoic Era. ~Silurian |The Silurian is the third period of the Paleozoic Era. |~What is the last period of the Mesozoic Era? ~Cretaceous |*The Cretaceous is the third and last period of the Mesozoic Era. ~Jurassic |The Jurassic is the second period of the Mesozoic Era. ~Quaternary |The Quaternary is the second and last period of the Cenozoic Era. ~Tertiary |The Tertiary is the first period of the Cenozoic Era. ~Triassic |The Triassic is the first period of the Mesozoic Era. |~What is the second epoch of the Cenozoic Era? ~Eocene |*The Eocene is the second epoch of the Cenozoic Era. ~Neogene |The Neogene is the second period, not epoch, of the Cenozoic Era. ~Oligocene |The Oligocene is the third epoch of the Cenozoic Era. ~Paleocene |The Paleocene is the first epoch of the Cenozoic Era. ~Paleogene |The Paleogene is the first period, not epoch, of the Cenozoic Era. |~What was the single supercontinent of the Paleozoic/Mesozoic boundary called? ~Gondwanaland |Gondwanaland comprised only South America, Africa, Australia, Antarctica, and India. ~Laurasia |Laurasia included North America and Eurasia after the supercontinent broke up. ~Laurentia |Laurentia was the name for North America before the supercontinent formed. ~Pangea |*Pangea means <B>all earth</B> ~Panthalassa |Panthalassa was the universal ocean that accompanied the single supercontinent. |~What was the great southern supercontinent of the Paleozoic called? ~Gondwanaland |*Gondwanaland comprised only South America, Africa, Australia, Antarctica, and India. ~Laurasia |Laurasia included North America and Eurasia after the supercontinent broke up. ~Laurentia |Laurentia was the name for North America before the supercontinent formed. ~Pangea |Pangea means <B>all earth</B> ~Panthalassa |Panthalassa was the universal ocean that accompanied the single supercontinent. |~What was the current North American continent called before it sutured with other continents in the late Paleozoic? ~Gondwanaland |Gondwanaland comprised only South America, Africa, Australia, Antarctica, and India. ~Laurasia |Laurasia included North America and Eurasia after the supercontinent broke up. ~Laurentia |*Laurentia was the name for North America before the supercontinent formed. ~Pangea |Pangea means <B>all earth</B> ~Panthalassa |Panthalassa was the universal ocean that accompanied the single supercontinent. |~What large continent comprised North America and Eurasia before they separated for the last time? ~Gondwanaland |Gondwanaland comprised only South America, Africa, Australia, Antarctica, and India. ~Laurasia |*Laurasia included North America and Eurasia after the supercontinent broke up. ~Laurentia |Laurentia was the name for North America before the supercontinent formed. ~Pangea |Pangea means <B>all earth</B> ~Panthalassa |Panthalassa was the universal ocean that accompanied the single supercontinent. |~Which continent sutured to Laurentia in the Acadian Orogeny? ~An island arc |An island arc collided with Laurentia in the Taconic Orogeny. ~Baltica |*Baltica collided with Laurentia in the Acadian Orogeny. ~Gondwanaland |Gondwanaland collided with the already-sutured northern continents to form Pangea, and in the process it uplifted the Appalachian and Ouachita Mountains of North America and the Hercynian Mountains of northern Africa. ~India |India formed from the breakup of Gondwanaland long after the uplift of the Appalachians. ~Siberia |Siberia was a continent that became part of Pangea, but far east of the Appalachians. |~Which continent sutured to Laurentia in the Appalachian Orogeny? ~An island arc |An island arc collided with Laurentia in the Taconic Orogeny. ~Baltica |Baltica collided with Laurentia in the Acadian Orogeny. ~Gondwanaland |*Gondwanaland collided with the already-sutured northern continents to form Pangea, and in the process it uplifted the Appalachian and Ouachita Mountains of North America and the Hercynian Mountains of northern Africa. ~India |India formed from the breakup of Gondwanaland long after the uplift of the Appalachians. ~Siberia |Siberia was a continent that became part of Pangea, but far east of the Appalachians. |~Which continent sutured to Laurentia in the Taconic Orogeny? ~An island arc |*An island arc collided with Laurentia in the Taconic Orogeny. ~Baltica |Baltica collided with Laurentia in the Acadian Orogeny. ~Gondwanaland |Gondwanaland collided with the already-sutured northern continents to form Pangea, and in the process it uplifted the Appalachian and Ouachita Mountains of North America and the Hercynian Mountains of northern Africa. ~India |India formed from the breakup of Gondwanaland long after the uplift of the Appalachians. ~Siberia |Siberia was a continent that became part of Pangea, but far east of the Appalachians. |~Match each orogeny with the geologic period in which it occurred. ~|Orogeny ~|Geologic Era or Period ~Adacian Orogeny |a|The Adadian Orogeny occurred during the Devonian Period. ~Appalachian Orogeny |a|The Appalachian or Alleghenian Orogeny ocurred during the Pennsylvanian Period. ~Nevadan Orogeny |a|The Nevadan Orogeny occurred as large granite batholiths were emplaced in western North America during the Mesozoic Era. ~Sonoma Orogeny |a|The Sonoma Orogeny occurred from the collision of a microcontinent with the west coast of North America in the Mesozoic Era. ~Taconic Orogeny |a|The Taconic Orogeny occurred in the Ordovician Period. ~a|Cambrian Period ~b|Cenozoic Era ~c|Devonian Period ~d|Mesozoic Era ~e|Mississippian Period |~During which geologic period was sea level particularly low and the continents particularly dry? ~Cambrian |The Cambrian Period is known for an extensive marine transgression. ~Devonian |*The Devonian Period was a dry period and is known for the first big proliferation of land plants and the origin of amphibians. ~Mississippian |The Mississippian is known for having a high sea level and for its thick limestone deposits. ~Ordovician |There was much exposed land during the Ordovician Period, but not so much as in one other Period listed. ~Silurian |Sea level was relatively high during the Silurian Period. |~Which geologic period is famous for having a classic marine transgression? ~Cambrian |*The Cambrian Period is known for an extensive marine transgression, as can be seen in the Grand Canyon sequence of the Tapeats Sandstone, Bright Angel Shale, and Muav Limestone. ~Devonian |The Devonian Period was a dry period with a low sea level. ~Mississippian |The Mississippian is known for having a high sea level and for its thick limestone deposits. ~Ordovician |A marine regression occurred during the Ordovician Period. ~Silurian |Sea level did rise during the Silurian, but it did not leave a classic transgression sequence. |~Which period of the Paleozoic Era is famous for its extensive coal deposits? ~Devonian |The Devonian Period is famous for its sandstones. ~Mississippian |The Mississippian Period is famous for its limestones. ~Pennsylvanian |*The Pennsylvanian Period is famous for its coal deposits. ~Permian |The Permian Period is famous for its evaporite deposits. ~Triassic |The Triassic Period is famous for its redbeds. |~Which post-Paleozoic period has produced extensive coal deposits in the western United States? ~Cretaceous |*Extensive Cretaceous coal deposits are mined in North Dakots, Wyoming, and Utah. ~Jurassic | ~Quaternary | ~Tertiary | ~Triassic | |~Which geologic period is famous for its extensive evaporite deposits? ~Devonian |The Devonian Period is famous for its sandstones. ~Mississippian |The Mississippian Period is famous for its limestones. ~Pennsylvanian |The Pennsylvanian Period is famous for its coal deposits. ~Permian |*The Permian Period is famous for its evaporite deposits. ~Triassic |The Triassic Period is famous for its redbeds. |~Which geologic period is famous for its extensive limestone deposits containing caves? ~Devonian |The Devonian Period is famous for its sandstones. ~Mississippian |*The Mississippian Period is famous for its limestones. ~Pennsylvanian |The Pennsylvanian Period is famous for its coal deposits. ~Permian |The Permian Period is famous for its evaporite deposits. ~Triassic |The Triassic Period is famous for its redbeds. |~Which geologic period is famous for its redbeds? ~Cretaceous | ~Jurassic | ~Mississippian | ~Permian | ~Triassic |*The Triassic Period is famous for its redbeds, such as the Spearfish Formation in South Dakota. |~Which geologic period is famous for its chalk deposits? ~Cretaceous |*Cretaceous chalk deposits are found throughout much of the world including South Dakota. ~Jurassic | ~Mississippian | ~Permian | ~Triassic | |~What is chalk made of? ~Blue-green algae | ~Clay | ~Coccolithophorids |*Coccolithophorids are single-celled organisms that proliferated during the Cretaceous Period to form thick beds of chalk. ~Diatoms | ~Sand | |~During which geologic period were Archaeocyathids the dominant reef formers? ~Cambrian |*The Archaeocyathids are exclusively Cambrian. ~Cretaceous |In the Cretaceous Period the rudist bivalves dominated the reefs. ~Silurian |In the Silurian Period the rugose and tabulate corals and the bryozoans began to be the primary structural reef formers. ~Precambrian |The only organisms that can arguably be called reef formers in the Precambrian are the stromatolites, or algal mounds. ~Tertiary |In the Tertiary the scleractinian corals dominated the reefs. |~What is significant about the Ostracoderms? ~Cartilaginous fishes |The cartilaginous fishes (sharks and relatives) are the Chondrichthyes. ~First jawed fishes |The Placoderms are the first known jawed fishes and became giant predators in the Devonian but soon went extinct. ~Gave rise to amphibians |The lobe-fin bony fishes, or Sarcopterygians, gave rise to amphibians. ~Jawless fishes |*The jawless fishes are the Agnathans, including the fossil Ostracoderms. ~Most successful group of fishes today |The ray-fin bony fishes, or Actinopterygians, are the most diverse group of vertebrates today. |~What is significant about the Placoderms? ~Cartilaginous fishes |The cartilaginous fishes (sharks and relatives) are the Chondrichthyes. ~First jawed fishes |*The Placoderms are the first known jawed fishes and became giant predators in the Devonian but soon went extinct. ~Gave rise to amphibians |The lobe-fin bony fishes, or Sarcopterygians, gave rise to amphibians. ~Jawless fishes |The jawless fishes are the Agnathans, including the fossil Ostracoderms. ~Most successful group of fishes today |The ray-fin bony fishes, or Actinopterygians, are the most diverse group of vertebrates today. |~What is significant about the ray-fin bony fishes? ~Cartilaginous fishes |The cartilaginous fishes (sharks and relatives) are the Chondrichthyes. ~Jawless fishes |The jawless fishes are the Agnathans, including the fossil Ostracoderms. ~First jawed fishes |The Placoderms are the first known jawed fishes and became giant predators in the Devonian but soon went extinct. ~Gave rise to amphibians |The lobe-fin bony fishes, or Sarcopterygians, gave rise to amphibians. ~Most successful group of fishes today |*The ray-fin bony fishes, or Actinopterygians, are the most diverse group of vertebrates today. |~During which geologic period were eurypterids the dominant carnivores of the ocean? ~Cambrian |<I>Anomalocaris</I> was the dominant carnivore of the Cambrian. ~Devonian |Placoderms were the dominant carnivores of the Devonian. ~Pennsylvanian |Cartilaginous and bony fishes were the dominant carnivores of the later Paleozoic Era. ~Precambrian |There are no recognizable carnivores from the Precambrian, except possibly some small cnidarians (jellyfish). ~Silurian |*Eurypterids had their heyday as the top carnivores of the ocean during the Ordovician and Silurian Periods, taking over this role from <I>Anomalocaris</I> but later being out-competed by the fishes. |~Which of the following is the Cretaceous Period known for? ~Chalk deposits |*Chalk deposits are made up of single-celled coccolithoforids that proliferated during the Cretaceous. ~Red beds |The Triassic Period is famous for its red beds. ~The origin of dinosaurs |Dinosaurs originated in the Triassic, as did mammals. ~The origin of mammals |Mammals first appeared in the Triassic, as did dinosaurs. ~All of the above |Only one of the answers is correct. |~Which state is made almost entirely of accreted or exotic terranes? ~Alaska |*Many microcontinents from the South Pacific collided with North America to form Alaska. ~Arizona |Arizona contains old continental basement from Laurentia. ~California |California contains much relatively crust, but it is derived from past subduction rather than from continental collisions. ~Florida |Florida was part of Gondwanaland before the assembly of Pangea. ~Massachusetts |Most of Massachusetts was part of Baltica before the assembly of Pangea. |~During which geologic period did a major seaway cover central North America? ~Cretaceous |*Even much of South Dakota was under the sea during the Cretaceous, resulting in deposits of shale and chalk and fossils of ammonoids and marine reptiles. ~Jurassic |There were some large lakes on North America during the Jurassic, but no major seaways crossing the continent. ~Quaternary |The Quaternary Period is the period of the Ice Age, and sea level has been unusually low--even extremely low at times. ~Tertiary |The Tertiary Period was a time of dropping sea level, and there were some large lakes but no seaways. ~Triassic |Sea level rose during the Triassic, and red beds formed on the coastal plains, but there were no interior seaways. |~What is the main basis for classifying fossil amphibians into subgroups? ~Number of vertebrae in the skeleton |The number of vertebrae in a skeleton is highly variable within most vertebrate groups and therefore is not very useful for classification. ~Skin color and texture |Superficial characters of the soft anatomy are highly variable and rarely preserve in the fossil record. ~Structure of the ear region |The structure of the ear region is how the major groups of mammals are classified. ~Structure of the vertebral centrum |*The structure of the vertebral centrum is how early amphibians are classified. ~Temporal openings in the skull |Temporal openings in the skull developed to provide room for expanding jaw muscles. |~What is the main basis for classifying fossil reptiles into subgroups? ~Number of vertebrae in the skeleton |The number of vertebrae in a skeleton is highly variable within most vertebrate groups and therefore is not very useful for classification. ~Skin color and texture |Superficial characters of the soft anatomy are highly variable and rarely preserve in the fossil record. ~Structure of the ear region |The structure of the ear region is how the major groups of mammals are classified. ~Structure of the vertebral centrum |The structure of the vertebral centrum is how early amphibians are classified. ~Temporal openings in the skull |*Temporal openings in the skull developed to provide room for expanding jaw muscles. |~Which dinosaurs are members of Order Saurischia? ~The armored dinosaurs like Stegosaurus |All armored dinosaurs belong to Order Ornithischia. ~The carnivorous Theropoda like Allosaurus |*The largest carnivorous and herbivorous dinosaurs belong to Order Saurischia, also known as the lizard-hip dinosaurs. ~The duck-billed dinosaurs or hadrosaurs |The hadrosaurs belong to Order Ornithischia. ~The frilled dinosaurs like Triceratops |All frilled dinosaurs belong to Order Ornithischia. ~The giant herbivorous Sauropoda like Brachiosaurus |*The largest carnivorous and herbivorous dinosaurs belong to Order Saurischia, also known as the lizard-hip dinosaurs. |~Which group of reptiles gave rise to birds? ~Crocodilians |Crocodilians have not given rise to any other groups. ~Lizards |The only group that lizards have given rise to is snakes. ~Ornithischian dinosaurs |Birds did not arise from Ornithischians even though they are known as bird-hip dinosaurs. ~Pterosaurs |Pterosaurs did not give rise to birds even though both fly, and in fact they have modified the forelimb into a wing in radically different ways. ~Saurischian dinosaurs |*The earliest birds are almost identical to the small carnivorous Saurischian dinosaurs. |~What character(s) of Archaeopteryx match those of modern birds? ~Fusion of many of the arm, hand, and finger bones |<I>Archaeopteryx</I> lacks the bone fusions of modern birds ~The absence of a bony tail |<I>Archaeopteryx</I> had a long bony tail unlike modern birds ~The absence of teeth |<I>Archaeopteryx</I> had teeth rather than a bill like modern birds ~The presence of a feather covering |*The only distinctly bird character of <I>Archaeopteryx</I> is its feathers, and skeletons lacking feathers have been misidentified as dinosaurs. ~The presence of a large keeled sternum |<I>Archaeopteryx</I> lacks the keeled sternum of modern birds. ~All of the above |Only one of the answers is correct, so in most respects <I>Archaeopteryx</I> was more like a reptile than a bird. |~Which marine reptiles were exclusively (obligatorily) aquatic? ~Ichthyosaurs |*Ichthyosaurs never returned to land and gave birth to live young in the water. ~Marine turtles |Marine turtles spent much time and laid their eggs on land. ~Mosasaurs |Mosasaurs spent much time and laid their eggs on land. ~Placodonts |Placodonts spent much time and laid their eggs on land. ~Plesiosaurs |Plesiosaurs spent much time and laid their eggs on land. |~Which marine reptiles fed on ammonoids? ~Ichthyosaurs |Ichthyosaurs had small teeth designed for catching fish. ~Marine turtles |Marine turtles did not have teeth to puncture ammonoid shells. ~Mosasaurs |*Mosasaur bite marks have been found on fossil ammonoids. ~Placodonts |Placodonts fed on shellfish and were too slow to catch ammonoids. ~Plesiosaurs |Plesiosaurs had small teeth designed for catching fish. |~Which group of reptiles includes the marine reptiles? ~Anapsids | ~Diapsids | ~Euryapsids |*Marine reptiles have only the upper temporal opening in the skull. ~Synapsids | |~Which group of reptiles did mammals evolve from? ~Anapsids |Anapsids include the first (original) reptiles and gave rise to the other groups. ~Diapsids |Diapsid reptiles include living crocodiles, lizards, and snakes as well as extinct dinosaurs and pterosaurs, and they gave rise to birds. ~Euryapsids |Euryapsids include many of the marine reptiles of the Mesozoic, but all are now extinct. ~Synapsids |*Synapsids are the mammal-like reptiles and gave rise to mammals in the Triassic Period. They have only the lower temporal opening in the skull. |~Which group of reptiles has two temporal openings in the skull? ~Anapsids |Anapsid reptiles have no temporal openings in the skull. ~Diapsids |*Diapsid reptiles have both the upper and lower temporal openings in the skull. ~Euryapsids |Euryapsid reptiles have only the upper temporal opening in the skull. ~Synapsids |Synapsid reptiles have only the lower temporal opening in the skull. |~Which group of reptiles includes the dinosaurs? ~Anapsids | ~Diapsids |*Dinosaurs have both the upper and lower temporal openings in the skull. ~Euryapsids | ~Synapsids | |~Test ~| ~| ~a |a| ~b |a| ~c |a| ~d |a| ~a|1 ~b|2 ~c|3 ~d|4 ~e|5 ~f|6 ~g|7 ~h|8
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