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Annotated Checklist of Keyed Trumpets
in
The Joe R. and Joella F. Utley Collection of Brass Instruments
(in chronological order)
NMM 7161. Keyed trumpet in F by Joseph Greenhill, London, ca. 1830
Engraved on silver plaque on bell: Jos Greenhill
/ 18 Little Britain / LONDON
Three-piece (two cylindrical segments and bell),
double-loop, brass body; brass garland, ferrules, and keys. Delicate,
overlapping tab
seam (width of tabs 2 mm). Saxon
rim, iron wire insert. Receiver ferrule with eight engraved lines,
other ferrules with four engraved lines. Flat, round key heads with
beige leather pads (old); brass tone-hole rims soldered to body; keys
pivot in brass saddles with guiding nose; brass leaf springs.
Shape of saddle with key guiding nose:
Three keys in the following order: E (open key,
little finger/right hand); F-sharp (closed key, ring finger/right), G
(closed key, index finger/right)
Accessories: none
Sounding length: 1811 mm (E-key closed) and
1698 mm (E-key open); internal diameter receiver: 10 mm; bell
diameter: 116 mm.
Joseph Greenhill is listed as "Professor and manufacturer
of the Royal Kent Bugle" in the London address book of 1835. While
other instruments by him that survive are indeed keyed bugles (for
example, in the Royal College of Music, London, no. 326 BS/2), this
instrument is a hybrid. It is double-folded, like
a trumpet, and in eight-foot pitch (not an octave higher, like the
keyed bugle). It has a typical trumpet bell shape. However, when played,
it is held like a keyed bugle, not horizontally like a keyed trumpet
of the Austrian type. With the lowest key open, the trumpet is pitched
in F; closing the key lowers the pitch to E-flat.
Lit.: Sabine Klaus, "Keyed Trumpet in F by Joseph
Greenhill" in "Historical Instrument Window," Edward H. Tarr, editor, International Trumpet Guild Journal, Vol. 27,
No. 2 (January 2003), p. 55.
NMM 7103. Keyed trumpet in F by James Cowlan, Liverpool, ca. 1825-1830
Engraved on brass plaque on bell: Made by / J. COWLAN.
/ 39. Whitechapel. / LIVERPOOL
Four-piece (two cylindrical segments, tuning slide and bell), double-loop, brass body, brass garland, ferrules and keys. Overlapping tab seam (width of tabs ca. 5 mm at a distance of ca. 5 mm). Saxon rim with iron wire insert. Receiver ferrule with stabilizing ring, all other ferrules without decoration. Flat round key heads with beige leather pads (old); brass tone-hole rims soldered to body; keys pivot in brass saddles; brass leaf springs.
Three keys in the following order: F-sharp (closed, ring finger/right hand); G (closed, middle finger/right), A-flat (closed, index finger/right).
Accessories: Single-coiled brass crook for C; brass mouthpiece with silver-plated rim.
Sounding length: 1788 mm (F), 2376 mm (C); internal diameter at receiver: 12.5 mm; internal diameter receiver minimum at ca. 600 mm: 11.3 mm; bell diameter: 106 mm.
English military keyed trumpet. In contrast to the keyed bugle, this instrument is played with the right hand only, not with both hands. James Cowlan was primarily a dealer, active at the address mentioned in the signature from 1822 until 1834. His keyed trumpet model is characterized by the presence of a tuning slide.
NMM 10786. Keyed trumpet in G by Gebrüder Hoyer, Vienna, ca. 1835
Relatively crude letters stamped on garland: GEB: [embossed Hapsburg double eagle surrounded by dots in oval] HOŸER.
Two-piece (main tubing, bell), double-loop brass body; brass garland with scallop shells, impressed from the back. Delicate, overlapping tab seam (width of tabs ca. 1-2 mm at a similar distance). Nürnberg rim, flattened wire impressed with vertical hatching. Ferrules with two groups of engraved and impressed lines. Flat round key heads, no pads remain; brass tone-hole rims soldered to body; keys pivot in oblong brass saddles with slightly sloping or curved top surface; brass leaf springs riveted to key shanks.
Five closed keys for the left hand, beginning with the one nearest the bell, provide the following notes: 1) g-sharp (little finger); 2) a (index finger); 3) b-flat (index finger); 4) b-natural (middle finger); and, 5) f2 (ring finger).
Accessories: Brass tuning bit with two ears (not original).
Sounding length: 1521 mm; internal diameter receiver: 11.5 mm; internal diameter minimum (at ca. 59 mm): 10.3 mm; bell diameter: 129 mm.
The keyed trumpet is signed by the Brothers Hoyer in Vienna. It is the same Austrian model as the NMM's example by Eduard Johann Bauer in Prague (NMM 10525), although the key arrangements differ slightly. The brothers, Andreas and Franz, were dealers, and the decoration on the garland shows great similarities with the garland of a natural trumpet by Joseph Felix Riedl, Vienna, 1826 (NMM 10784).
In both cases, similar scallop shells were impressed from the back. The rim wires, soldered to the edge of the garland like in a Nürnberg rim, are also similar, consisting of a flattened wire with embossed vertical hatching. While it is not known for certain who built the instrument, a Viennese provenance can be assumed.
Lit.: Sabine Klaus, "Found in the Sunny South . . . A Natural Trumpet by Johann Carl Kodisch, Imperial City of Nürnberg, After 1681," National Music Museum Newsletter, Vol. 32, No. 1 (February 2005), pp. 4-5.
Stamped on garland: K K befugte Instr: Fabrik [double eagle] des Ed. Joh. Bauer in Prag.
Two-piece (main tubing, bell), double-loop brass body; brass garland with impressed floral dot pattern. Overlapping tab seam leaning towards the inside of the bell (width of tabs ca. 2 mm at a distance of ca. 2 mm). Bohemian rim with diagonally impressed hatching. Brass ferrules with engraved and impressed lines. Flat round key heads with white leather pads; brass tone-hole rims soldered to body (no. 2 original with four engraved lines; the rest replacements); keys pivot in rectangular brass saddles; leaf spring.
Five closed keys for the left hand, beginning with the one nearest the bell, provide the following notes: 1) g-sharp (little finger); 2) a (ring finger); 3) b-flat (index finger); 4) b-natural (index finger); and, 5) f2 (middle finger).
Accessories: Brass mouthpiece with very deep cup (ca. 20 mm).
Sounding length: 1516 mm; internal diameter receiver: 11.6 mm, internal diameter minimum (at 47 mm): 10.4 mm; bell diameter: 128 mm.
Bauer's instrument is a relatively late example of an Austrian-type keyed trumpet, originally developed by Anton Weidinger (1766-1852), the Viennese trumpet virtuoso for whom Haydn wrote his trumpet concerto in E-flat (1796). Held horizontally, the trumpet's five keys are operated with the left hand. Eduard Johann Bauer (ca. 1811-1871) received his license as a brass instrument maker in 1836 and subsequently took over his father's workshop. In 1844 Bauer received a patent for a piston valve, so it can be assumed that the Museum's keyed trumpet was built before then, but it is likely to have been made before 1840, when the keyed trumpet was being superseded by the valve trumpet. Bauer's instrument might have been used in a military band, considering its relatively high pitch of a1 = 449 Hz, which can be interpreted as high Austrian military pitch.
Lit.: Sabine Klaus, "The Utley Collection . . . New Jewels Include a Rare Keyed Trumpet by E. J. Bauer, Prague," National Music Museum Newsletter, Vol. 31, No. 1 (February 2004), pp. 1-2.
NMM 6909. Keyed trumpet in G by John Webb, London,
1988
Stamped on copper plaque at garland: WEBB / LONDON;
stamped on bell, 89
Four-piece (leadpipe, tuning slide, bow, bell), double-loop,
brass body; brass garland. Overlapping tab
seam (width of tabs 2 mm at a distance of 23 mm), flaring part
attached separately. Italian
rim, probably brass wire insert. Ferrules with two, six and nine
engraved lines respectively. Flat, round key heads with stuffed brown
leather pads; brass tone-hole rims with one engraved line soldered
to body; keys pivot in brass saddles on eliptical mounts; spiral springs.
Six closed keys for the right hand in the following
order (related to G-pitch): a-sharp (little finger, no. 1); a (middle
finger, no. 2); b-flat (index finger, no. 3); b (index finger, no.
4); f1 (middle finger, no. 5); f-sharp1 (ring
finger, no. 6).
Accessories: Brass mouthpiece, stamped 5;
four single-coiled crooks for F, E, E-flat and D, one tuning bit with
ears; mahogany case with brass fittings and printed paper label, JOHN WEBB / TRUMPET MAKER / 31 POTTERY LANE, LONDON W11 4LY, ENGLAND /
Tel: 01-221 6767.
Sounding length: 1550 mm (G), with tuning bit 1625
mm (G, low pitch), 1782 mm (F), 1919 mm (E), 1987 mm (E-flat), and
2100 mm (D); internal diameter receiver: 12.2 mm, internal diameter
minimum (at 20 mm): 11 mm; bell diameter: 140 mm.
A copy of the keyed trumpet by Valeriano Beni, Cittą
di Castello, 1836, at the Horniman Museum, London (no. 286), faithful
in all details, except for the use of spiral springs instead of flat
springs.
NMM 7332. Keyed trumpet in G by Rainer Egger,
Basel, 1998
Engraved on garland: A. Egger, Basel
Two-piece, double-loop, brass body; brass garland
with impressed hatch-and-dot pattern. Overlapping tab
seam (width of tabs 2 mm at a distance of 23 mm). Bohemian
rim. Brass ferrules with engraved and impressed lines. Spoon-shaped,
round key heads with white leather pads; brass tone-hole rims soldered
to body; keys pivot in brass saddles with extension for spring guidance;
leaf springs; keys and saddles stamped with number of key (no. 1
closest to bell).
Five closed keys for the left hand in the following
order (related to G-pitch): g-sharp (little finger, no. 1); a (middle
finger, no. 2); b-flat (index finger, no. 3); b (middle or ring
finger, no. 4); f2 (ring finger, no. 5).
Accessories: Two single-coiled crooks for E and
E-flat.
Sounding length: 1560 mm (G), 1922 mm (E), 2040
mm (E-flat); internal diameter receiver: 11.3 mm, internal diameter
minimum (at 28 mm): 10 mm; bell diameter: 120 mm.
A copy of the keyed trumpet by Alois Doke, Linz,
ca. 1825, in the Historisches Museum Basel (no. 1980.2369). The signature, A. Egger, refers to the firm's
name, Adolf Egger, the maker's father.
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